Comparison and Logical operators are used to test for true
or false
.
Comparison operators are used in logical statements to determine equality or difference between variables or values.
Given that x = 5
, the table below explains the comparison operators:
Operator | Description | Comparing | Returns | Try it |
---|---|---|---|---|
== | equal to | x == 8 | false | Try it » |
x == 5 | true | Try it » | ||
x == "5" | true | Try it » | ||
=== | equal value and equal type | x === 5 | true | Try it » |
x === "5" | false | Try it » | ||
!= | not equal | x != 8 | true | Try it » |
!== | not equal value or not equal type | x !== 5 | false | Try it » |
x !== "5" | true | Try it » | ||
x !== 8 | true | Try it » | ||
> | greater than | x > 8 | false | Try it » |
< | less than | x < 8 | true | Try it » |
>= | greater than or equal to | x >= 8 | false | Try it » |
<= | less than or equal to | x <= 8 | true | Try it » |
Comparison operators can be used in conditional statements to compare values and take action depending on the result:
if (age < 18) text = "Too young to buy alcohol";
You will learn more about the use of conditional statements in the next chapter of this tutorial.
Logical operators are used to determine the logic between variables or values.
Given that x = 6
and y = 3
, the table below explains the logical operators:
Operator | Description | Example | Try it |
---|---|---|---|
&& | and | (x < 10 && y > 1) is true | Try it » |
|| | or | (x == 5 || y == 5) is false | Try it » |
! | not | !(x == y) is true | Try it » |
JavaScript also contains a conditional operator that assigns a value to a variable based on some condition.
variablename = (
condition) ?
value1:
value2
let voteable = (age < 18) ? "Too young":"Old enough";
Try it Yourself »
If the variable age is a value below 18, the value of the variable voteable will be "Too young", otherwise the value of voteable will be "Old enough".
Comparing data of different types may give unexpected results.
When comparing a string with a number, JavaScript will convert the string to a number when doing the comparison. An empty string converts to 0. A non-numeric string converts to NaN
which is always false
.
Case | Value | Try |
---|---|---|
2 < 12 | true | Try it » |
2 < "12" | true | Try it » |
2 < "John" | false | Try it » |
2 > "John" | false | Try it » |
2 == "John" | false | Try it » |
"2" < "12" | false | Try it » |
"2" > "12" | true | Try it » |
"2" == "12" | false | Try it » |
When comparing two strings, "2" will be greater than "12", because (alphabetically) 1 is less than 2.
To secure a proper result, variables should be converted to the proper type before comparison:
age = Number(age);
if (isNaN(age)) {
voteable = "Input is not a number";
} else {
voteable = (age < 18) ? "Too young" : "Old enough";
}
Try it Yourself »
The ??
operator returns the first argument if it is not nullish (null
or undefined
).
Otherwise it returns the second argument.
The nullish operator is supported in all browsers since March 2020:
Chrome 80 | Edge 80 | Firefox 72 | Safari 13.1 | Opera 67 |
Feb 2020 | Feb 2020 | Jan 2020 | Mar 2020 | Mar 2020 |
The ?.
operator returns undefined
if an object is undefined
or null
(instead of throwing an error).
// Create an object:
const car = {type:"Fiat", model:"500", color:"white"};
// Ask for car name:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = car?.name;
Try it Yourself »
The optional chaining operator is supported in all browsers since March 2020:
Chrome 80 | Edge 80 | Firefox 72 | Safari 13.1 | Opera 67 |
Feb 2020 | Feb 2020 | Jan 2020 | Mar 2020 | Mar 2020 |
截取页面反馈部分,让我们更快修复内容!也可以直接跳过填写反馈内容!