Go 格式化输出
Printf() 的输出格式设置
Go 提供了几种可以与Printf()功能。
一般格式输出
以下格式可用于所有数据类型：
| Verb | Description |
|---|---|
| %v | Prints the value in the default format |
| %#v | Prints the value in Go-syntax format |
| %T | Prints the type of the value |
| %% | Prints the % sign |
示例
package main
import ("fmt")
func main() {
var i = 15.5
var txt = "Hello World!"
fmt.Printf("%v\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%v%%\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%T\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%v\n", txt)
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", txt)
fmt.Printf("%T\n", txt)
}
结果：
15.5
15.5
15.5%
float64
Hello World!
"Hello World!"
string
整数格式化动词
以下动词可以与整数数据类型一起使用：
| Verb | Description |
|---|---|
| %b | Base 2 |
| %d | Base 10 |
| %+d | Base 10 and always show sign |
| %o | Base 8 |
| %O | Base 8, with leading 0o |
| %x | Base 16, lowercase |
| %X | Base 16, uppercase |
| %#x | Base 16, with leading 0x |
| %4d | Pad with spaces (width 4, right justified) |
| %-4d | Pad with spaces (width 4, left justified) |
| %04d | Pad with zeroes (width 4 |
示例
package main
import ("fmt")
func main() {
var i = 15
fmt.Printf("%b\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%d\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%+d\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%o\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%O\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%x\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%X\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%#x\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%4d\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%-4d\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%04d\n", i)
}
结果：
1111
15
+15
17
0o17
f
F
0xf
15
15
0015
字符串格式化动词
以下动词可以与字符串数据类型一起使用：
| Verb | Description |
|---|---|
| %s | Prints the value as plain string |
| %q | Prints the value as a double-quoted string |
| %8s | Prints the value as plain string (width 8, right justified) |
| %-8s | Prints the value as plain string (width 8, left justified) |
| %x | Prints the value as hex dump of byte values |
| % x | Prints the value as hex dump with spaces |
示例
package main
import ("fmt")
func main() {
var txt = "Hello"
fmt.Printf("%s\n", txt)
fmt.Printf("%q\n", txt)
fmt.Printf("%8s\n", txt)
fmt.Printf("%-8s\n", txt)
fmt.Printf("%x\n", txt)
fmt.Printf("% x\n", txt)
}
结果：
Hello
"Hello"
Hello
Hello
48656c6c6f
48 65 6c 6c 6f
布尔格式化动词
以下动词可以与布尔数据类型一起使用：
| Verb | Description |
|---|---|
| %t | Value of the boolean operator in true or false format (same as using %v) |
示例
package main
import ("fmt")
func main() {
var i = true
var j = false
fmt.Printf("%t\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%t\n", j)
}
结果：
true
false
浮点格式化动词
以下动词可与 float 数据类型一起使用：
| Verb | Description |
|---|---|
| %e | Scientific notation with 'e' as exponent |
| %f | Decimal point, no exponent |
| %.2f | Default width, precision 2 |
| %6.2f | Width 6, precision 2 |
| %g | Exponent as needed, only necessary digits |
示例
package main
import ("fmt")
func main() {
var i = 3.141
fmt.Printf("%e\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%f\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%.2f\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%6.2f\n", i)
fmt.Printf("%g\n", i)
}
结果：
3.141000e+00
3.141000
3.14
3.14
3.141