The History of AI
History of AI and ML
| 1950 | Alan Turing publishes "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" |
| 1952 | Arthur Samuel develops a self-learning program to play checkers |
| 1956 | Artificial Intelligence used by John McCarthy in a conference |
| 1957 | First programming language for numeric and scientific computing (FORTRAN) |
| 1958 | First AI programming language (LISP) |
| 1959 | Arthur Samuel used the term Machine Learning |
| 1959 | John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky founded the MIT Artificial Intelligence Project |
| 1961 | First industrial Robot (Unimate) on the assembly line at General Motors |
| 1965 | ELIZA by Joseph Weizenbaum was the first program that could communicate on any topic |
| 1972 | First logic programming language (PROLOG) |
| 1991 | U.S. forces uses DART (automated logistics planning and scheduling) in the Gulf war |
| 1997 | Deep Blue (IBM) beats the world champion in chess |
| 2002 | The first robot cleaner (Roomba) |
| 2005 | Self-driving car (STANLEY) wins DARPA |
| 2008 | Breakthrough in speech recognition (Google) |
| 2011 | A neural network wins over humans in traffic sign recognition (99.46% vs 99.22%) |
| 2011 | Apple Siri |
| 2011 | Watson (IBM) wins Jeopardy! |
| 2014 | Amazon Alexa |
| 2014 | Microsoft Cortana |
| 2014 | Self-driving car (Google) passes a state driving test |
| 2015 | Google AlphaGo defeated various human champions in the board game Go |
| 2016 | The human robot Sofia by Hanson Robotics |
Why AI Now?
One of the greatest innovators in the field of machine learning was John McCarthy, widely recognized as the "Father of Artificial Intelligence".
In the mid 1950s, McCarthy coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" and defined it as "the science of making intelligent machines".
The algorithms has been here since then. Why is AI more interesting now?
The answer is:
- Computing power has not been strong enough
- Computer storage has not been large enough
- Big data has not been available
- Fast Internet has not been available
Another strong force is the major investments from big companies (Google, Microsoft, Facebook, YouTube) because their datasets became much too big to handle traditionally.
Man vs Machine
| Man | Computer |
|---|---|
| Smart | Stupid |
| Slow | Fast |
| Inaccurate | Accurate |
Interesting Questions
Studying AI raises many interesting questions:
"Can computers think like humans?"
"Can computers be smarter than humans?"
"Can computers take over the world?"
Machines can understand verbal commands, recognize faces, drive cars, and play games better than us.
How long will it take before they walk among us?
Artificial Intelligence Films
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Metropolis German Science-Fiction Drama (1927). In the future, wealthy industrialists and business magnates and their top employees reign over the city of Metropolis from colossal skyscrapers, while underground-dwelling workers toil to operate the great machines that power it. Rated as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made. Inscribed in UNESCO's Memory of the World Register in 2001, as the first film thus distinguished. |
| The Day the Earth Stood Still American Science-Fiction (1951). Rated by the US National Film Registry in 1995 as Culturally, Historically, or Aesthetically Significant. |
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2001:a Space Odyssey Epic Science-Fiction (1968). Selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the US Library of Congress in 1991 as Culturally, Historically, or Aesthetically Significant. |
| Westworld American Science-Fiction Western (1973). An adult amusement park has 3 worlds populated with androids that are indistinguishable from human beings: Western World (American Old West), Medieval World (Medieval Europe), and Roman World (City of Pompeii). Westworld is a story about how artificial intelligence can be used to entertain us and allow us to live out our fantasies. |
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Star Wars Epic Space Opera Film (1977). Winning 7 Oscars at the 50th Academy Awards (including Best Picture). The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Return of the Jedi (1983) rounded the Star Wars trilogy. Selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the US Library of Congress in 1989, for being Culturally, Historically, or Aesthetically Significant. |
| 1977 | Demon Seed |
| 1982 | Blade Runner |
| 1983 | WarGames |
| 1984 | The Terminator |
| 1985 | D.A.R.Y. Science-Fiction film. DARYL ("Data-Analyzing Robot Youth Lifeform") is an artificial intelligence experiment created by the government. |
| 1986 | Short Circuit |
| 1987 | RoboCop |
| 1994 | Star Trek |
| 1999 | Bicentennial Man |
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The Matrix Science-Fiction Action (1999). Selected for preservation in the US National Film Registry by the Library of Congress in 2012, for being Culturally, Historically, or Aesthetically Significant. |
| 2001 | A.I. (Spielberg) |
| 2004 | I, Robot |
| 2009 | Moon |
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Her Science-Fiction Romantic Drama (2013). Theodore develops a relationship with Samantha, an artificially intelligent virtual assistant personified through a female voice. Gives us a glimpse of how artificial assistants can be in the future and how we can even fall in love with them. |
| 2013 | The Machine |
| 2014 | Autómata |
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The Imitation Game Historical Drama (2014). Based on the biography Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges. The film's title quotes the game Alan Turing proposed for answering the question "Can machines think?", in his 1950 seminal paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence". |
| 2015 | Ex Machina |
| 2016 | Westworld HBO Series. The theme park "Westworld" is populated by "hosts" (biomechanical robots indistinguishable from humans) that are programmed to fulfill the guests' every desire. Westworld is a story about how Artificial Intelligence can be used to entertain us and allow us to live out our fantasies. |
| 2016 | Infinity Chamber Science-Fiction film. A man who sabotaged a government operation with a computer virus, is held in an automated detention facility that is overseen by an AI computer named Howard. |
| 2019 | I am Mother |
| 2019 | iHuman Documentary about AI, social control and power. How this technology is changing our lives, our society and our future. |
| 2020 | Coded Bias Detailed documentary about AI and the bias that is embedded into this technology. |