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SQL TOP, LIMIT, FETCH FIRST or ROWNUM Clause

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The SQL SELECT TOP Clause

The SELECT TOP clause is used to specify the number of records to return.

The SELECT TOP clause is useful on large tables with thousands of records. Returning a large number of records can impact performance.

Example

Select only the first 3 records of the Customers table:

SELECT TOP 3 * FROM Customers;
Try it Yourself »

Note: Not all database systems support the SELECT TOP clause. MySQL supports the LIMIT clause to select a limited number of records, while Oracle uses FETCH FIRST n ROWS ONLY and ROWNUM.

SQL Server / MS Access Syntax:

SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

MySQL Syntax:

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
LIMIT number;

Oracle 12 Syntax:

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name(s)
FETCH FIRST number ROWS ONLY;

Older Oracle Syntax:

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE ROWNUM <= number;

Older Oracle Syntax (with ORDER BY):

SELECT *
FROM (SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name(s))
WHERE ROWNUM <= number;

Demo Database

Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples:

CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address City PostalCode Country
1

 Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders Obere Str. 57 Berlin 12209 Germany
2 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo Avda. de la Constitución 2222 México D.F. 05021 Mexico
3 Antonio Moreno Taquería Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312 México D.F. 05023 Mexico
4

 Around the Horn Thomas Hardy 120 Hanover Sq. London WA1 1DP UK
5 Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund Berguvsvägen 8 Luleå S-958 22 Sweden

LIMIT

The following SQL statement shows the equivalent example for MySQL:

Example

Select the first 3 records of the Customers table:

SELECT * FROM Customers
LIMIT 3;
Try it Yourself »

FETCH FIRST

The following SQL statement shows the equivalent example for Oracle:

Example

Select the first 3 records of the Customers table:

SELECT * FROM Customers
FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY;

SQL TOP PERCENT Example

The following SQL statement selects the first 50% of the records from the "Customers" table (for SQL Server/MS Access):

Example

SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT * FROM Customers;
Try it Yourself »

The following SQL statement shows the equivalent example for Oracle:

Example

SELECT * FROM Customers
FETCH FIRST 50 PERCENT ROWS ONLY;

ADD a WHERE CLAUSE

The following SQL statement selects the first three records from the "Customers" table, where the country is "Germany" (for SQL Server/MS Access):

Example

SELECT TOP 3 * FROM Customers
WHERE Country='Germany';
Try it Yourself »

The following SQL statement shows the equivalent example for MySQL:

Example

SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country='Germany'
LIMIT 3;
Try it Yourself »

The following SQL statement shows the equivalent example for Oracle:

Example

SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country='Germany'
FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY;

ADD the ORDER BY Keyword

Add the ORDER BY keyword when you want to sort the result, and return the first 3 records of the sorted result.

For SQL Server and MS Access:

Example

Sort the result reverse alphabetically by CustomerName, and return the first 3 records:

SELECT TOP 3 * FROM Customers
ORDER BY CustomerName DESC;
Try it Yourself »

The following SQL statement shows the equivalent example for MySQL:

Example

SELECT * FROM Customers
ORDER BY CustomerName DESC
LIMIT 3;
Try it Yourself »

The following SQL statement shows the equivalent example for Oracle:

Example

SELECT * FROM Customers
ORDER BY CustomerName DESC
FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY;

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